The paper looks at the key economic and social factors that lead to wage disparities and at the same time contribute to economic growth. The author evaluates the influence of wage disparities on Poland’s economic growth in 1985-2006. Kumor measures the uneven distribution of wages with the Lorenz concentration ratio, and he also uses research methods such as a co-integration analysis and an error correction model. The analysis has confirmed the existence of a long-term cause-and-effect relationship between employment, investment, wage disparities and GDP growth.