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PRACA ORYGINALNA
Determinanty gromadzenia aktywów rezerwowych w krajach Europy Środkowo-Wschodniej
 
Więcej
Ukryj
1
Chair of Econometric Models and Forecasts, University of Lodz, Poland
 
 
Data nadesłania: 08-08-2025
 
 
Data ostatniej rewizji: 23-11-2025
 
 
Data akceptacji: 03-12-2025
 
 
Data publikacji: 30-09-2026
 
 
Autor do korespondencji
Piotr Kębłowski   

Chair of Econometric Models and Forecasts, University of Lodz, Poland
 
 
GNPJE 2026;327(3):24-47
 
SŁOWA KLUCZOWE
KODY KLASYFIKACJI JEL
STRESZCZENIE
W prężnie rozwijających się gospodarkach krajów Europy Środkowo-Wschodniej nastąpiły w ostatnich dekadach nasilone inwestycje zagraniczne i integracja finansowa, którym towarzyszyło masowe gromadzenie rezerw walutowych. Wyniki badania wskazują, że członkostwo w strefie euro i przystąpienie do Unii Europejskiej były kluczowymi czynnikami różnicującymi politykę dotyczącą aktywów rezerwowych w regionie Europy Środkowo-Wschodniej pod względem postrzeganej wrażliwości wewnętrznej i zewnętrznej. Ryzyko wewnętrzne wynikające z rozmiaru krajowego systemu finansowego odnosi się do wszystkich rozpatrywanych krajów, przy czym największego wpływu doświadczają kraje ubiegające się o wejście do UE, a najmniejszego państwa członkowskie strefy euro. Ryzyka zewnętrzne wynikają z ekspozycji zagranicznej krajowego rynku akcji i udziałów w funduszach inwestycyjnych, co jest istotne dla krajów Europy Środkowo-Wschodniej ze strefy euro, podczas gdy państwa członkowskie UE spoza strefy euro i państwa ubiegające się o wejście do UE są narażone na ryzyko związane z krótkoterminowym zadłużeniem zagranicznym. Stwierdzono ponadto, że wahania kursów walutowych są istotnym czynnikiem prowadzącym do gromadzenia rezerw w krajach o niezależnej polityce pieniężnej, przy czym największy wpływ tego czynnika zaobserwowano w państwach członkowskich UE spoza strefy euro. Ustalono również, że zarówno importochłonność danej gospodarki, jak i koszt alternatywny związany z gromadzeniem rezerw nie wywierały istotnego statystycznie wpływu na poziom rezerw.
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