PL EN
PRACA POGLĄDOWA
Nierówności dochodowe w krajach postsocjalistycznych – analiza wybranych determinant
 
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Uniwersytet Ekonomiczny w Poznaniu, Polska
 
 
Data nadesłania: 26-02-2023
 
 
Data ostatniej rewizji: 09-11-2023
 
 
Data akceptacji: 07-01-2024
 
 
Data publikacji: 28-03-2024
 
 
Autor do korespondencji
Monika Anna Wesołowska   

Uniwersytet Ekonomiczny w Poznaniu, Polska
 
 
GNPJE 2024;317(1):73-90
 
SŁOWA KLUCZOWE
KODY KLASYFIKACJI JEL
STRESZCZENIE
Celem artykułu jest przedstawienie i przeanalizowanie wybranych czynników nierówności dochodowych związanych z rynkiem pracy, sytuacją społeczno-ekonomiczną, systemem podatkowym, globalizacją, wolnością oraz finansjalizacją w krajach postsocjalistycznych z obszaru Europy Środkowo-Wschodniej i Azji Centralnej w latach 1991–2019. W okresie transformacji gospodarczej nierówności dochodowe znacznie wzrosły na początku lat 90. XX w. Początkowy, gwałtowny wzrost współczynnika Giniego był częściowo oczekiwany ze względu na liczne zmiany instytucjonalne, wynikające z odejścia od systemu komunistycznego, ideologicznie utrzymującego nierówności na niskim poziomie, jednak w dłuższej perspektywie pogłębienie się rozwarstwienia dochodowego zależało od wypracowanego przez nowo powstałe instytucje podejścia, czynników zewnętrznych i samych warunków wstępnych transformacji. Jako metody badawcze wykorzystano analizę skupień metodą Warda, regresję przekrojową i panelową, analizę statystyczną oraz drzewo regresyjne z algorytmem CART. Uzyskane wyniki wskazują na występowanie kilku dominujących tendencji rozwojowych nierówności dochodowych na badanym obszarze i powiązanie warunków wstępnych transformacji gospodarczej z dalszym rozwojem współczynnika Giniego. Badanie pozwoliło również wyodrębnić najistotniejsze determinanty oraz przeanalizować zależności ich współwystępowania.
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