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PRACA ORYGINALNA
Tradycyjna klasyfikacja handlu a gospodarka cyfrowa – w stronę porządku czy chaosu?
 
Więcej
Ukryj
1
Faculty of Law and Administration, University of Warsaw, Poland
 
2
Institute of International Economics, SGH Warsaw School of Economics, Poland
 
Zaznaczeni autorzy mieli równy wkład w przygotowanie tego artykułu
 
 
Data nadesłania: 06-11-2024
 
 
Data ostatniej rewizji: 12-06-2025
 
 
Data akceptacji: 25-06-2025
 
 
Data publikacji: 31-03-2026
 
 
Autor do korespondencji
Magdalena Słok-Wódkowska   

Faculty of Law and Administration, University of Warsaw, Poland
 
 
GNPJE 2026;325(1):91-103
 
SŁOWA KLUCZOWE
KODY KLASYFIKACJI JEL
STRESZCZENIE
Handel elektroniczny kwestionuje tradycyjne kategorie handlu międzynarodowego, utrudniając klasyfikację transakcji jako usług, produktów czy czynników produkcji. W artykule zbadano, czy klasyczne klasyfikacje ekonomiczne skutecznie oddają istotę e-handlu. Autorki podważają podział towarów i usług stosowany w ramach WTO (m.in. GATT, GATS, RTAs) i twierdzą, że „towar” nie odpowiada w pełni handlowi cyfrowemu. E-handel często łączy różne kategorie w jednej transakcji, przez co tradycyjne pojęcia prawne, ekonomiczne i handlowe są niewystarczające. Brak precyzyjnej definicji e-handlu prowadzi do problemów praktycznych, takich jak określenie rodzajów barier handlowych i wprowadzanie regulacji. W pracy przedstawiono niedoskonałości obecnych ram regulacyjnych, przeanalizowano klasyfikację handlu WTO oraz omówiono ograniczenia dotyczące pojęcia „towar” w kontekście e-handlu. Autorki badają specyfikę handlu cyfrowego, sugerując potrzebę nowej klasyfikację dla obiektów handlu elektronicznego.
FINANSOWANIE
Publikacja została sfinansowana ze środków Narodowego Centrum Nauki, grant OPUS: 2019/35/B/HS5/02107.
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