The aim of the study is to analyze occupational and sectoral gender segregation on the Polish labor market in 2000–2013. The paper analyzes gender segregation in employment in different occupational groups and business sectors as defined by the Polish Classification of Economic Activities (PKD). An attempt was made to determine how the structure of employment changed as a result of a significant increase in the number of women with a higher education on the Polish labor market. The analysis shows that women dominate in professions and sectors such as healthcare and education, while men dominate in professions and sectors that require more physical effort, such as construction. To a large extent, the existing division is not the result of discrimination, but reflects the psychological, physical and cultural aspects of employing women and men. As many educated women entered the labor market, the percentage of women working in professions requiring higher qualifications and holding managerial positions increased during the studied period. At the same time, the concentration of female employment in female-dominated professions and sectors increased further, and men continued to be employed in male-dominated professions and sectors.