PL EN
RESEARCH PAPER
Would You Follow the Advice? Attitudes Towards Formal and Informal Career Counseling in Poland
 
 
More details
Hide details
1
SGH Warsaw School of Economics, Poland
 
2
FAME | GRAPE, Warsaw, Poland
 
 
Submission date: 2023-09-18
 
 
Final revision date: 2024-03-04
 
 
Acceptance date: 2024-04-18
 
 
Publication date: 2024-09-30
 
 
Corresponding author
Magdalena Smyk   

SGH Warsaw School of Economics, Poland; FAME | GRAPE, Warsaw, Poland
 
 
GNPJE 2024;319(3):33-55
 
KEYWORDS
JEL CLASSIFICATION CODES
J62
J71
 
ABSTRACT
In this study, we analyze and test attitudes towards job advice from both a professional and informal advisors (parents). We have conducted a vignette study in which subjects advised a fictional character on a job choice. Participants were informed that the vignette characters had already received advice from either a parent (informal advisor) or a professional online occupational counsellor (formal advisor). Our findings indicate that subjects are less likely to follow the advice provided by parents. They were also less likely to advise higher-paid, but less comfortable job offers (those with more risk, competition, or less flexibility). Contrary to our expectations, the gender of the character did not moderate the results. However, women were more likely to prefer and recommend more comfortable but lower-paid job offers. The conclusion from the study is that Poles tend to reject advice provided by informal advisors (parents) and react more positively to advice from a formal advisors. However, the overall effect of the advisor is relatively small.
FUNDING
Source of funding: National Science Center grant no. #2016/21/N/HS4/02109.
 
REFERENCES (54)
1.
Act on Employment Promotion and Labour Market Institutions from April 20, 2004 (Ustawa z dnia 20 kwietnia 2004 r. o promocji zatrudnienia i instytucjach rynku pracy, t.j. Dz. U. 2004 Nr 99 poz. 1001) https://isap.sejm.gov.pl/isap.....
 
2.
Aguinis H., Bradley K. J. [2014], Best practice recommendations for designing and implementing experimental vignette methodology studies, Organizational research methods, 17: 351–371.
 
3.
Arch E. C. [1993], Risk-taking: A motivational basis for sex differences, Psychological reports, 73 (1): 3–11.
 
4.
Athanasou J. A., Van Esbroeck R. [2008], International Handbook of Career Guidance, Springer, Dordrecht.
 
5.
Azmat G., Petrongolo B. [2014], Gender and the labor market: What have we learned from field and lab experiments?, Labour Economics, 30: 32–40.
 
6.
Balin E., Hirschi A. [2010], Who seeks career counselling? A prospective study of personality and career variables among Swiss adolescents, International Journal for Educational and Vocational Guidance, 10: 161–176.
 
7.
Bartosiak M. [2015], Diagnoza oczekiwań uczących się w obszarze doradztwa zawodowego, Przedsiębiorczość i Zarządzanie, 3 (3): 253–267.
 
8.
Bengston V. L., Biblarz T. J., Roberts E. [2007], How families still matter: A longitudinal study of youth in two generations, Family in transition, 315–324.
 
9.
Björklund A., Ginther D. K., Sundström M., [2007], Family structure and child outcomes in the USA and Sweden, Journal of Population Economics, 20: 183–201.
 
10.
Björklund A., Jäntti M., [2009], Intergenerational income mobility and the role of family background, in: Salverda W., Nolan B., Smeeding T. M. (eds.), Oxford handbook of economic inequality: 491–521, Oxford University Press, Oxford.
 
11.
Björklund A., Salvanes K. G. [2011], Education and family background: Mechanisms and policies, in: Hanushek E. A., Machin S., Woessmann L., Handbook of the Economics of Education vol. 3: 201–247, North Holland, Amsterdam.
 
12.
Black S. E., Devereux P. J., Salvanes K. G., [2011], Too young to leave the nest? The effects of school starting age, The review of economics and statistics, 93: 455–467.
 
13.
Buser T., Niederle M., Oosterbeek H. [2014], Gender, competitiveness, and career choices, The Quarterly Journal of Economics, 129: 1409–1447.
 
14.
Byrnes J. P., Miller D. C., Schafer W. D., [1999], Gender differences in risk taking: a meta-analysis, Psychological Bulletin, 125: 367.
 
15.
Chhatrani K., Bhavneet K., Anuradha J. [2022], Factors Affecting the Student’s Attitude Towards Career Counselling, Proceedings of the International Conference on Advances in Management Practices, https://ssrn.com/abstract=3998....
 
16.
Corrigan P. [2004], How stigma interferes with mental health care, American psychologist, 59 (7): 614.
 
17.
Cortes P., Pan J. [2018], Occupation and gender, in: Averett S. L., Argys L. M., Hoffman S. D. (eds.), The Oxford Handbook of Women and the Economy: 425–452, Oxford University Press, Oxford.
 
18.
Czepiel A., [2013], Dlaczego należy zwiększyć efektywność doradztwa zawodowego w polskich szkołach, Forum Obywatelskiego Rozwoju, 9: 2.
 
19.
Czerw M., Bielas K. [2020], Rola doradcy zawodowego w kształtowaniu ścieżki edukacyjno-zawodowej w opinii studentów, Edukacja Ustawiczna Dorosłych, 4 (111): 79–90.
 
20.
Datta N. [2019], Willing to pay for security: a discrete choice experiment to analyse labour supply preferences, CEP Discussion Papers, Centre for Economic Performance, London School of Economics, London.
 
21.
Eckel C. C., Grossman P. J. [1996], The relative price of fairness: Gender differences in a punishment game, Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization 30: 143–158.
 
22.
Educational Law, Act from December 14, 2016 (Ustawa z dnia 14 grudnia 2016 r. – Prawo oświatowe, t.j. Dz. U. 2017 poz. 59), https://isap.sejm.gov.pl/isap.....
 
23.
Eriksson T., Kristensen N. [2014], Wages or fringes? Some evidence on trade-offs and sorting, Journal of Labor Economics, 32: 899–928.
 
24.
Fernandez R., Fogli A., Olivetti C. [2004], Mothers and sons: Preference formation and female labor force dynamics, The Quarterly Journal of Economics, 119: 1249–1299.
 
25.
Folke O., Rickne J. [2022], Sexual harassment and gender inequality in the labor market, The Quarterly Journal of Economics, 137 (4): 2163–2212.
 
26.
Gelblum M. [2020], Preferences for job tasks and gender gaps in the labor market, Job Market Paper.
 
27.
Gneezy U., Leonard K. L., List J. A., [2009], Gender differences in competition: Evidence from a matrilineal and a patriarchal society, Econometrica, 77: 1637–1664.
 
28.
Goldin C. [2014], A grand gender convergence: Its last chapter, American Economic Review, 104: 1091–1119.
 
29.
Goraus K., Tyrowicz J., [2014], Gender wage gap in Poland – can it be explained by differences in observable characteristics?, Ekonomia, 36: 125–148.
 
30.
Goraus K., Smyk M., Velde L. van der [2015], Women in transition and today: what do they want, realize, and experience in the labor market?, Working Paper 2015–04, Faculty of Economic Sciences, University of Warsaw.
 
31.
Hardy W., Kalinowski H., Palczyńska M., Smoter M. [2018], Badanie efektów wsparcia zrealizowanego na rzecz osób młodych w ramach Programu Operacyjnego Wiedza Edukacja Rozwój – II, Raport tematyczny, Ministerstwo Rozwoju, Pracy i Technologii, https://www.ewaluacja.gov.pl/m....
 
32.
Hartog J., Ferrer-i-Carbonell A., Jonker, N. [2002], Linking measured risk aversion to individual characteristics, Kyklos, 55: 3–26.
 
33.
Hellerstein J. K., Morrill M. S. [2011], Dads and daughters, the changing impact of fathers on women’s occupational choices, Journal of Human Resources, 46: 333–372.
 
34.
Holt C. A., Laury S. K. [2002], Risk aversion and incentive effects, American Economic Review, 92: 1644–1655.
 
35.
Holt C. A., Laury S. K. [2005], Risk aversion and incentive effects: new data without order effects, American Economic Review, 95: 902–912.
 
36.
Humlum M. K., Nandrup A. B., Smith N. [2019], Closing or reproducing the gender gap? Parental transmission, social norms, and education choice, Journal of Population Economics, 32: 455–500.
 
37.
Jung S., Choe C., Oaxaca R. L. [2018], Gender wage gaps and risky vs. secure employment: An experimental analysis, Labour Economics, 52: 112–121.
 
38.
Kanclerz B., Myszka-Strychalska L., Buchnat M., Chmura-Rutkowska I., Cybal-Michalska A., Cytlak I., Jaskulska S., Kozłowska-Rajewicz A., Marciniak M., Szafran J., Wawrzyniak-Beszterda R. [2022], Psychological and pedagogical help as well as educational and vocational counseling in schools as necessary elements of universal prophylaxis. Research examples and recommendations for the design of educational and preventive activities, Poznań City Educational Research 2021, Polish Journal of Social Rehabilitation/ Resocjalizacja Polska, 24.
 
39.
Ludwikowski W., Vogel D., Armstrong P. I. [2009], Attitudes toward career counseling: The role of public and self-stigma, Journal of Counseling Psychology, 56 (3): 408.
 
40.
Mas A., Pallais A. [2017], Valuing alternative work arrangements, American Economic Review, 107: 3722–3759.
 
41.
Niederle M., Vesterlund L. [2007], Do women shy away from competition? do men compete too much?, The Quarterly Journal of Economics, 122: 1067–1101.
 
42.
Oguzoglu U., Ozbeklik S. [2016], Like father, like daughter (unless there is a son): Sibling sex composition and women’s stem major choice in college, IZA Discussion Paper No. 10052.
 
43.
Olivetti C., Patacchini E., Zenou Y. [2020], Mothers, peers, and gender-role identity, Journal of the European Economic Association, 18: 266–301.
 
44.
Peluso D. L., Carleton R. N., Richter A. A., Asmundson G. J. [2011], The graduate advising relationship in Canadian psychology programmes: Advisee perspectives, Canadian Psychology/Psychologie canadienne, 52 (1): 29.
 
45.
Peplińska A., Połomski P., Pogorzelska I. [2014], Postawy rodzicielskie a preferencje zawodowe młodzieży, Psychologia Rozwo¬jowa, 19 (2).
 
46.
Rochlen A. B., O’Brien K. M. [2002], The relation of male gender role conflict and attitudes toward career counseling to interest in and preferences for different career counseling styles, Psychology of Men & Masculinity, 3 (1): 9.
 
47.
Sandefur G. D., Wells T. [1999], Does family structure really influence educational attainment?, Social Science Research, 28: 331–357.
 
48.
Schwenkenberg J. M. [2014], Occupations and the evolution of gender differences in intergenerational socioeconomic mobility, Economics Letters, 124: 348–352.
 
49.
Schwenkenberg J. M. [2015], Selection into occupations and the intergenerational mobility of daughters and sons, in: Polachek S. W., Tatsiramos K., Zimmermann K. F. (eds), Gender in the Labor Market, Emerald Publishing Limited, Leeds.
 
50.
Solon G. [1999], Intergenerational mobility in the labor market, in: Ashenfelter O. C., Card D. (eds), Handbook of Labor Economics: 1761–1800, Elsevir, Amsterdam.
 
51.
Szewczyk-Jarocka M. [2019], Job counseling a tool for social inclusion: empirical research in Poland, Economic Science for Rural Development, 188–193.
 
52.
Ulrich A., Frey A., Ruppert J. J. [2018], The role of parents in young people’s career choices in Germany, Psychology, 9 (08): 2194.
 
53.
Vogel D. L., Wade N. G., Haake S. [2006], Measuring the self-stigma associated with seeking psychological help, Journal of Counseling Psychology, 53 (3): 325.
 
54.
Wiswall M., Zafar B. [2015], How do college students respond to public information about earnings?, Journal of Human Capital, 9: 117–169.
 
eISSN:2300-5238
Journals System - logo
Scroll to top