The social economy sector in the EU comprises 2.8 million entities, employing 13.6 million people and contributing 6–8% to GDP. In Poland, the sector included 97,400 entities in 2021, playing a key role in the economy. To achieve their social and economic goals, these entities require stable, tailored financing. Research into financing mechanisms is essential for addressing challenges and ensuring sustainable development. This study analyses the financial opportunities and barriers faced by Polish social economy entities (SEEs), based on 549 survey responses. The findings indicate that while SEEs generally maintain a stable financial situation, challenges persist, particularly in securing stable financing. Investment and expansion activities are common, yet limited capital access, complex regulations, and inadequate financial instruments pose significant barriers. These observations contribute to broader European discussions on financial sustainability in the social economy sector, particularly in post-transition economies.