The article reviews and evaluates the main theoretical concepts of enterprise competitiveness. In particular, the authors focus on the evolutionary and cumulative nature of the development of enterprises. The article begins with an attempt to define the concept of enterprise competitiveness. The authors discuss various aspects of enterprise competitiveness understood as competitive potential, competitive strategy and competitive position. This is designed to not only provide a framework for defining these variables, but also suggest indicators that could be used in further empirical studies, Dzikowska and Gorynia say. Later in the article the authors trace the development of the concept of enterprise competitiveness in the context of the two basic approaches – the positioning approach and the resource-based view – highlighting differences between the two, including differences in terminology. The authors examine the relationships between different aspects of competitiveness resulting from both approaches. They also come up with a third, eclectic approach that combines selected features of the positioning and resource-based models. This new approach takes into account dynamic relationships between the analyzed aspects of competitiveness, Dzikowska and Gorynia say.