The article sheds new light on the ongoing debate on the search for an optimal model of capitalism. In the introduction, the author describes the causes behind the increased interest in these problems around the world and their importance for the transformation process. Part one of the article presents the evolution of views over the past decade or so on the advantages and disadvantages of the main models of capitalism. Part two highlights the external and internal factors that determine the advantages of various models. In particular, the author points to the substantial usefulness of an analytical model proposed by Dani Rodrik for the understanding of the political and economic dilemmas faced by individual countries in the course of globalization. The third part focuses on the presentation of individual models of capitalism proposed by the main participants in the debate. In the context of Poland’s European Union membership, a proposal by Bruno Amable that concentrates on models followed in EU countries (Anglo-Saxon, Social Democratic, Continental and Mediterranean), deserves special attention. In the conclusion, the author mentions some research aspects not discussed in detail in the article and tries to establish what models are likely to prevail in the future.